Wednesday, July 2, 2025

Why is the policy of three language controversial? , Explained

Deputy Chief Minister Udayanidhi Stalin and DMK’s DMK leaders protested against Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan and implemented Hindi language in Collectorate in Chennai. File | Photo Credit: Hindu

the story So Far: Central government has ₹ 2,152 crore in fund So Tamil Nadu Below Samagra Nishkha Scheme The Prime Minister for Rising India (PMSHRI) initiative to refuse to join schools. While the TN PM is eager to participate in the Scheme, it opposed the mandate to implement the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.

It is urged to adopt one of the main objections of the state for NEP. Three language formulas in schools. Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan has rejected any concession, stating that TN should “align” with the Constitution “. Chief Minister MK Stalin, asking which provision of the Constitution justifies such a mandate, has announced that the state will not present “Blackmail” or will give up two language policy historically adopted.

What does NEP 2020 state?

NEP 2020 has upheld the three-language formula, a concept was first introduced in the 1968 NEP. However, the main difference is that the NEP then advocated for Hindi being a compulsory language across the country. Hindi-speaking states needed to teach Hindi, English and a modern Indian language-nauseally a South Indian language-when non-Hindi speaking states were expected to teach local regional language, Hindi and English. Conversely, NEP 2020 provides more flexibility, technically does not apply any specific language to any state.

It states that “the three languages ​​learned by children, regions, and of course, will be students’ options, so as long as at least two of the three languages ​​are natives of India.” This means, apart from the language of the state, children will need to learn at least another Indian language – not necessarily Hindi. The policy also emphasizes bilingual teaching, especially in the language/mother tongue and English of the house. Apparently, it gives significant emphasis on Sanskrit as an alternative option within a three -language formula.

Why is there opposition to this policy in TN?

Tamil Nadu has long opposed ‘Hindi allegations’. In 1937, when C. Rajagopalachiri (Rajji) In Madras, the government proposed to make Hindi a compulsory subject in secondary schools, the Nyaya Party opposed it. Two youths, Thalmutha and Natarajan, who participated in the movement, died and became an icon in the anti -Hindi movement. Rajji eventually resigned, and the British government withdrew the order.

In 1965, as a deadline for adopting Hindi as the only official language in India, the state saw violent protests, killing at least 70 people in police firing or self-explosions. When Parliament adopted the official languages ​​(Amendment) Act, 1967 and the official language resolution, 1968, the movement resumed, which made Hindi teaching as part of the three -language formula.

In January 1968, under the leadership of the first led by Madras Assembly, CN Annadurai Dravid Munnetra Kazgam (DMK) The government adopted a proposal for scrapping and elimination of Hindi formulas from the syllabus in TN schools. Since then, the state has continuously followed its two -language policy in Tamil and English. Major political parties including ruling DMK and major protest All-India Anna Dravid Munnetra Kazgam (AIADMK)Any attempt to change this policy has been continuously opposed. In 2019, Baikalash led the Kasturrangan Committee to remove the compulsory Hindi learning clause from the Nap Draft.

Why is the three -language policy seen as an attempt to impose Hindi?

In TN, political parties and activists see the three-language policy as “smokscreen” and a “backdoor”, which attempts to impose Hindi. They argue that, in practice, implementation of three language schemes will essentially lead Hindi teaching, given additional language teachers and limited resources to provide learning materials.

In addition, the central government and major BJP leaders have advocated promoting Hindi from time to time. In 2019, ₹ 50 crore to support Union Budget to support the appointment of Hindi teachers In non-Hindi speaking states. Critics said that the Center does not match the rhetoric on promoting regional languages, as the Kandriya is clear from the lack of efforts to appoint adequate regional language teachers in Vidyalayas or to ensure that the point of view South Indian languages ​​are taught in schools above.

Mr. Pradhan has defended TN to stop the money, which makes it clear that the three-language policy is unlikely. He urged Mr. Stalin to “rise above political differences” and criticize the state for viewing NEP 2020 with “Myopic Vision”. In response, Mr. Stalin has accused Mr. Pradhan of trying to “impose” Hindi under the guise of NEP policy. Mr. Stalin has vowed that the interests of Tamil and TN will not be compromised as long as the DMK and he is around.

What is the way forward?

The only viable solution is a practical agreement on an issue like creative dialogue and education between the Center and the state, which was transferred to the concurrent list during the Emergency from the state. In particular, TN, with its long-term two-language policy, has continuously reduced many other states in major matrix such as gross enrollment ratio and low school dropout rates. On teaching the third language, disagreement should not be allowed to derail money for a comprehensive program for education.



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